メディアコンバーターの導入
ルーターとラズパイ間を絶縁するのにメディアコンバーターを導入してみました。一昔前だと中古の100Base-Tのモデルが1万円を超えていた気がしますが、中華メーカーの参入で1000Base-Tのモデル2台に光ファイバー・ケーブルを買っても1万円以下!
モデルは下記のLCコネクターでデュアル・モードのものにしました。
なぜLCコネクター、デュアル・モードにしたかというと将来的にSONORE opticalModuleへの置き換えを可能にしておきたかったから。
opticalModule Deluxewww.smallgreencomputer.com
メディアコンバーターは下流のラズパイ側のものはモバイル・バッテリー駆動としました。ラズパイはポータブル電源のACアウトレットからダイソーのUSBチャージャーで動かしているので、ラズパイとメディアコンバーターは電源的に浮いています。
音の方ですが、これまでラズパイ経由でオーディオ機器に繋がっていたが故、オーディオ用のタップから電源を採らざるをえなかったルーター、NAS、Macの電源を、ガジェット類をまとめているノイズフィルター付きのタップに移せたので、まずこの効果でレコード再生含め全体的な音質が向上しました。
ラズパイは音の彫りが深くなり、ノイズが減った故か低音の力感が大幅に向上しました。アンダー1万円の投資の効果として非常に満足です。
Raspberry PiのRoon Bridgeで設定したことまとめ
FirewallにUFWを使っている際のポート解放設定
/etc/ufw/applications.d/roonbridge
[Roon Bridge] title="Roon Bridge" description="Roon Bridge" ports=1025:65535/tcp|1025:65535/udp
して
$ sudo ufw allow from [Your localnet]/24 to any app "Roon Bridge"
※ポート解放範囲は多分広過ぎると思いますが、Roonが正式に使用するポートを指定していないこと、Roon Bridgeのアップデートでも使用するポートが変わる可能性があることからlocalnetからのアクセスにがばっとポートを開けてしまっています。
CPU負荷の分散
/boot/cmdline.txtに
isolcpus=1-3
を追記
/etc/systemd/system/roonbridge.serviceの[Service]欄に
CPUAffinity=1
を追記
/home/pi/postroon.shを
#!/bin/sh sudo taskset -pc 2 `pgrep -f RoonBridgeHelper` sudo chrt -f -p 95 `pgrep -f RoonBridgeHelper` sudo taskset -pc 3 `pgrep -f RAATServer` sudo chrt -f -p 95 `pgrep -f RAATServer`
として作成
/etc/systemd/system/postroon.serviceを
[Unit] Description=Post RoonBridge script #After=roonbridge.service Requires=roonbridge.service [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/home/pi/postroon.sh [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target Also=roonbridge.service
という内容で作成
$ sudo chmod +x /home/pi/postroon.sh $ sudo systemctl enable postroon
で有効化
OverlayFS適用時Roon Bridgeを起動するのに必要な設定
/etc/fstabに
tmpfs /var/roon tmpfs defaults,size=4M,noatime
を追記
Raspberry PiのUSBバスパワーをカットする
third-encore.hatenablog.com 上記手順だだと微妙に上手く行かず、結局hub-ctrlを導入しました。
以下。 qiita.com
compileはclangでしたかったので
clang -O3 -mcpu=native hub-ctrl.c -o hub-ctrl-armhf-static -lusb -static
としました。
で、/etc/profileに
#disable USB2.0 buspower sudo hub-ctrl -b 01 -P 1 -d 1 -p 0 #disable USB3.0 buspower sudo hub-ctrl -b 02 -P 1 -d 1 -p 0
を追記して完了。
Sun Ra & His Arkestra / Sleeping Beauty (Expanded)
Overlay Filesystem (OverlayFS)の導入
ざっくりルート・ディレクトリのファイル類をRAM上に展開するものとのこと。
試した結果分かったこと:
- 現状適用できるのはkernelのメインラインの5.15まで
- 自分でビルドしたkernelを/bootにコピーする時にsudo make installではなくsudo cp arch/arm64/boot/Image /boot/kernel8-`make kernelrelease`.imgなどでImageをcpすること
- RAM使用量は2GBを少し超えるくらい
音への影響としては歪み感が減ってなめらかになるように感じました。/etc/fstabやfolder2ramを使ってcacheやlog、tmpディレクトリをRAMへ移すだけでもかなり音が変わった経験があるので、ストレージへのアクセスはなにかと影響が大きいように感じます。
MacでRaspberry Pi用kernelをcross-compileする時に発生するAppArmorのエラー回避方法
security/apparmor/Makefileを下記の通り修正
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 # Makefile for AppArmor Linux Security Module # obj-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR) += apparmor.o apparmor-y := apparmorfs.o audit.o capability.o task.o ipc.o lib.o match.o \ path.o domain.o policy.o policy_unpack.o procattr.o lsm.o \ resource.o secid.o file.o policy_ns.o label.o mount.o net.o apparmor-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_APPARMOR_HASH) += crypto.o #clean-files := capability_names.h rlim_names.h net_names.h # Build a lower case string table of address family names # Transform lines from # #define AF_LOCAL 1 /* POSIX name for AF_UNIX */ # #define AF_INET 2 /* Internet IP Protocol */ # to # [1] = "local", # [2] = "inet", # # and build the securityfs entries for the mapping. # Transforms lines from # #define AF_INET 2 /* Internet IP Protocol */ # to # #define AA_SFS_AF_MASK "local inet" #quiet_cmd_make-af = GEN $@ #cmd_make-af = echo "static const char *address_family_names[] = {" > $@ ;\ # sed $< >>$@ -r -n -e "/AF_MAX/d" -e "/AF_LOCAL/d" -e "/AF_ROUTE/d" -e \ # 's/^\#define[ \t]+AF_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\ # echo "};" >> $@ ;\ # printf '%s' '\#define AA_SFS_AF_MASK "' >> $@ ;\ # sed -r -n -e "/AF_MAX/d" -e "/AF_LOCAL/d" -e "/AF_ROUTE/d" -e \ # 's/^\#define[ \t]+AF_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/\L\1/p'\ # $< | tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/ $$/"\n/' >> $@ # Build a lower case string table of sock type names # Transform lines from # SOCK_STREAM = 1, # to # [1] = "stream", #quiet_cmd_make-sock = GEN $@ #cmd_make-sock = echo "static const char *sock_type_names[] = {" >> $@ ;\ # sed $^ >>$@ -r -n \ # -e 's/^\tSOCK_([A-Z0-9_]+)[\t]+=[ \t]+([0-9]+)(.*)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\ # echo "};" >> $@ # Build a lower case string table of capability names # Transforms lines from # #define CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE 1 # to # [1] = "dac_override", #quiet_cmd_make-caps = GEN $@ #cmd_make-caps = echo "static const char *const capability_names[] = {" > $@ ;\ # sed $< >>$@ -r -n -e '/CAP_FS_MASK/d' \ # -e 's/^\#define[ \t]+CAP_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)/[\2] = "\L\1",/p';\ # echo "};" >> $@ ;\ # printf '%s' '\#define AA_SFS_CAPS_MASK "' >> $@ ;\ # sed $< -r -n -e '/CAP_FS_MASK/d' \ # -e 's/^\#define[ \t]+CAP_([A-Z0-9_]+)[ \t]+([0-9]+)/\L\1/p' | \ # tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/ $$/"\n/' >> $@ # Build a lower case string table of rlimit names. # Transforms lines from # #define RLIMIT_STACK 3 /* max stack size */ # to # [RLIMIT_STACK] = "stack", # # and build a second integer table (with the second sed cmd), that maps # RLIMIT defines to the order defined in asm-generic/resource.h This is # required by policy load to map policy ordering of RLIMITs to internal # ordering for architectures that redefine an RLIMIT. # Transforms lines from # #define RLIMIT_STACK 3 /* max stack size */ # to # RLIMIT_STACK, # # and build the securityfs entries for the mapping. # Transforms lines from # #define RLIMIT_FSIZE 1 /* Maximum filesize */ # #define RLIMIT_STACK 3 /* max stack size */ # to # #define AA_SFS_RLIMIT_MASK "fsize stack" #quiet_cmd_make-rlim = GEN $@ #cmd_make-rlim = echo "static const char *const rlim_names[RLIM_NLIMITS] = {" \ # > $@ ;\ # sed $< >> $@ -r -n \ # -e 's/^\# ?define[ \t]+(RLIMIT_([A-Z0-9_]+)).*/[\1] = "\L\2",/p';\ # echo "};" >> $@ ;\ # echo "static const int rlim_map[RLIM_NLIMITS] = {" >> $@ ;\ # sed -r -n "s/^\# ?define[ \t]+(RLIMIT_[A-Z0-9_]+).*/\1,/p" $< >> $@ ;\ # echo "};" >> $@ ; \ # printf '%s' '\#define AA_SFS_RLIMIT_MASK "' >> $@ ;\ # sed -r -n 's/^\# ?define[ \t]+RLIMIT_([A-Z0-9_]+).*/\L\1/p' $< | \ # tr '\n' ' ' | sed -e 's/ $$/"\n/' >> $@ $(obj)/capability.o : $(obj)/capability_names.h $(obj)/net.o : $(obj)/net_names.h $(obj)/resource.o : $(obj)/rlim_names.h $(obj)/capability_names.h : $(srctree)/include/uapi/linux/capability.h \ $(src)/Makefile $(call cmd,make-caps) $(obj)/rlim_names.h : $(srctree)/include/uapi/asm-generic/resource.h \ $(src)/Makefile $(call cmd,make-rlim) $(obj)/net_names.h : $(srctree)/include/linux/socket.h \ $(srctree)/include/linux/net.h \ $(src)/Makefile $(call cmd,make-af) $(call cmd,make-sock)
Raspberry Piでnative buildした時にRaspberry Piのsecurity/apparmorディレクトリに生成されるcapability_names.h、rlim_names.h、net_names.hをMacのsecurity/apparmorフォルダにコピーする。Raspberry Pi Model 4B 2GBでデフォルトの設定でkernel 5.18をビルドした際に生成される各ファイルの内容は下記の通り。
capability_names.h
static const char *const capability_names[] = { [0] = "chown", [1] = "dac_override", [2] = "dac_read_search", [3] = "fowner", [4] = "fsetid", [5] = "kill", [6] = "setgid", [7] = "setuid", [8] = "setpcap", [9] = "linux_immutable", [10] = "net_bind_service", [11] = "net_broadcast", [12] = "net_admin", [13] = "net_raw", [14] = "ipc_lock", [15] = "ipc_owner", [16] = "sys_module", [17] = "sys_rawio", [18] = "sys_chroot", [19] = "sys_ptrace", [20] = "sys_pacct", [21] = "sys_admin", [22] = "sys_boot", [23] = "sys_nice", [24] = "sys_resource", [25] = "sys_time", [26] = "sys_tty_config", [27] = "mknod", [28] = "lease", [29] = "audit_write", [30] = "audit_control", [31] = "setfcap", [32] = "mac_override", [33] = "mac_admin", [34] = "syslog", [35] = "wake_alarm", [36] = "block_suspend", [37] = "audit_read", [38] = "perfmon", [39] = "bpf", [40] = "checkpoint_restore", }; #define AA_SFS_CAPS_MASK "chown dac_override dac_read_search fowner fsetid kill setgid setuid setpcap linux_immutable net_bind_service net_broadcast net_admin net_raw ipc_lock ipc_owner sys_module sys_rawio sys_chroot sys_ptrace sys_pacct sys_admin sys_boot sys_nice sys_resource sys_time sys_tty_config mknod lease audit_write audit_control setfcap mac_override mac_admin syslog wake_alarm block_suspend audit_read perfmon bpf checkpoint_restore"
net_names.h
static const char *address_family_names[] = { [0] = "unspec", [1] = "unix", [2] = "inet", [3] = "ax25", [4] = "ipx", [5] = "appletalk", [6] = "netrom", [7] = "bridge", [8] = "atmpvc", [9] = "x25", [10] = "inet6", [11] = "rose", [13] = "netbeui", [14] = "security", [15] = "key", [16] = "netlink", [17] = "packet", [18] = "ash", [19] = "econet", [20] = "atmsvc", [21] = "rds", [22] = "sna", [23] = "irda", [24] = "pppox", [25] = "wanpipe", [26] = "llc", [27] = "ib", [28] = "mpls", [29] = "can", [30] = "tipc", [31] = "bluetooth", [32] = "iucv", [33] = "rxrpc", [34] = "isdn", [35] = "phonet", [36] = "ieee802154", [37] = "caif", [38] = "alg", [39] = "nfc", [40] = "vsock", [41] = "kcm", [42] = "qipcrtr", [43] = "smc", [44] = "xdp", [45] = "mctp", }; #define AA_SFS_AF_MASK "unspec unix inet ax25 ipx appletalk netrom bridge atmpvc x25 inet6 rose netbeui security key netlink packet ash econet atmsvc rds sna irda pppox wanpipe llc ib mpls can tipc bluetooth iucv rxrpc isdn phonet ieee802154 caif alg nfc vsock kcm qipcrtr smc xdp mctp" static const char *sock_type_names[] = { [1] = "stream", [2] = "dgram", [3] = "raw", [4] = "rdm", [5] = "seqpacket", [6] = "dccp", [10] = "packet", };
rlim_names.h
static const char *const rlim_names[RLIM_NLIMITS] = { [RLIMIT_CPU] = "cpu", [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "fsize", [RLIMIT_DATA] = "data", [RLIMIT_STACK] = "stack", [RLIMIT_CORE] = "core", [RLIMIT_RSS] = "rss", [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "nproc", [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "nofile", [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "memlock", [RLIMIT_AS] = "as", [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "locks", [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "sigpending", [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "msgqueue", [RLIMIT_NICE] = "nice", [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "rtprio", [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "rttime", }; static const int rlim_map[RLIM_NLIMITS] = { RLIMIT_CPU, RLIMIT_FSIZE, RLIMIT_DATA, RLIMIT_STACK, RLIMIT_CORE, RLIMIT_RSS, RLIMIT_NPROC, RLIMIT_NOFILE, RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, RLIMIT_AS, RLIMIT_LOCKS, RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, RLIMIT_NICE, RLIMIT_RTPRIO, RLIMIT_RTTIME, }; #define AA_SFS_RLIMIT_MASK "cpu fsize data stack core rss nproc nofile memlock as locks sigpending msgqueue nice rtprio rttime"
以上の手順でMacのcross-compileでAppArmorがビルドできるようになりました。